Internal-combustion engine



May 28, 1946. H. E, MCCALLION 2,401,262

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Sept. 16, 1944 m w s l\\\\\\\\\\\\ n t m t 4 1:: AK? "i- 4 4 m N w fig T k I INVENTOR.

ATTOR N EYS Haunted May 28, 1946 INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Hugh E. McCallion, Roseville, Mich. Application September 16, 1944, Serial No. 554.364

Claims.

The present invention relates to internal combustion engines and more specifically to that type of engine in which both cylinder and piston reciprocate.

Among the objects of the invention is an em gine of the type indicated in which the cylinder head may be effectively cooled.

Another object is means for controlling the exhaust temperatures and pressures.

Still another object is an internal combustion engine in which the cylinders and pistons act also as sleeve valves for both intake and exhaust.

Other objects and advantages will be apparentto those skilled in the art upon reference to the following description and the accompanying drawing in which Figure 1 illustrates diagrammatically a five cylinder engine embodying the present invention.

Figure 2 is a longitudinal central sectional view of one of the cylinders thereof.

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic representation of the shaft cranks.

In the drawing, the engine is shown as comprising a cylindrical crankcase in having extending radially therefrom a plurality of equispaced cylindrical housings H in which are longitudinally reciprocable working cylinders l2 closed at gheir upper or outer ends as shown at 12A in Fig.

Within each of the cylinders I2 is a reciprocable piston l3, both cylinders and pistons being connected to a suitable crankshaft 20 by means of connecting rods It and I5 respectively.

The crankshaft 20 includes three throws, two outside throws in one direction and a central, somewhat longer throw in the opposite direction. To the outside throws 20A will be operatively connected by the master ring the rods It, there being two for each cylinder I2 and to the central throw 20B will be operativel connected the rods l5 for pistons l3. As the shaft revolves about it axis 20C, the pistons and cylinders will, of course, simultaneously move in opposite directions,

At a suitable location lengthwise of cylinder sleeves l I a plurality of ports HA arranged about the periphery serve as intake ports, and these are preferably enclosed in a circumferential manifold 25, while the outer end of the cylinder sleeve is enclosed in a flattened dome 26 from the side of which leads an exhaust pipe 21.

This dome 26 encloses the outer end of cylinder sleeve H and carries a centrally located conduit 28 within which is an inwardly opening valve 29 seated upon a threaded seat member 30 and actuated by a suitable spring 3| toward closed position. v

Within the dome 26 and slidably carried by the end of sleeve II is a valve cup 35 which closes the end of the sleeve and is shown as biased toward the closing position by the same spring 3|. The spring 3| is seated upon a reducedextension 35A of cup 35, said extension having a sliding contact with the inner walls of the conduit 28. This extension also serves as a guide for the stem of valve 29 and is provided with suitable openings 35B for the passage of air flowing past valve 29, into the chamber 36A. It is, of course, obvious that separate springs may be used if desired, or that both or either of the valves 29 and 35 may be actuated by positive mechanical means. I

This cup valve 35, a shown, slides down over the sleeve end to close the ports 36 with which the latter is provided.

A shown best in Fig, 2, the cylinder I2 is provided with ports just below the cylinder head HA and also with ports 4| at a suitable location near the lower end.' These ports 40 and 4| are so located that ports 40 register with ports 36 and ports ll register with ports HA at the outer end of cylinder travel. At the inner end of cylinder travel, ports 40 uncover thedelivery ends of fuel injector jets 42.

The engine as illustrated is adapted for a self ignition cycle of operation and in Fig. 2 the parts are shown in the injection and firing position, the chamber A being filled with highl compressed air. In this position, the fuel injectors 42 are operated and the expansion of the ignited charge is about to take place.

As the expansion occurs and the cylinder head and piston move apart, previously drawn in air in chamber 36A above the cylinder head 12A is compressed and lifts the valve 35 to open ports 36 allowing much of the air to escape into dome 26 but sumcient is retained to hold the valve in its upper position until the ports 40 have moved up into registry with ports 36 and the combustion gases are discharged into the dome 26 to mix with the previously discharged air. while this has been going on, the piston l3 has moved down and, at the lower end of its travel has uncovered ports 4| which now register with ports HA through which inflow of a fresh charge of air then takes place. As the cylinder and piston return, this fresh charge of air is compressed for the repetition of the described cycle.

As the cylinder l2 begins its return stroke, the valve 35 immediately closes and cool air is drawn into chamber 36A past valve 29. This air serves several purposes. It cools the cylinder head I2A, serves to lift the valve "and after passing into dome 26, mixes with outgoing exhaust gases to lower their temperature. a

While the structures shown and described in detail is adapted particularly for 9. Diesel or similar cycle, it is obvious that it may be adapted, with minor modification, for the more conventional two or tour-stroke cycleor for use as a pump.

Now having described 'the invention and the preferred embodiment thereof, it is to be understood that said invention is to be limited, not to the specific details herein set forth, but only by the scope of the claims which follow.

I claim:

1. In an internal combustion engine, a cylin drical sleeve, a working cylinder reciprocable therein, said cylinder being closed at its outer end and provided with lateral ports adjacent said closed end, a piston reciprocable in said cylinder, a crankshaft, connecting rods connecting said cylinder and said piston to opposite throws of said shaft whereby to provide for simultaneous and opposite reciprocation of said cylinder and piston, a chamber at the outer end of said sleeve, an air conduit provided with an inwardly opening valve leading to aid chamber, an exhaust chamber adjacent said first chamber and a valve controlling communication between said chambers, the latter valve being operable to permit such communication through compression of air in the first chamber.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a crank case having a cylindrical sleeve extending therefrom, a dome shaped enclosure for the outer end of said sleeve, said sleeve having lateral ports in the dome enclosed end, a cap valve covering the end of said sleeve and said ports and slidable to uncover the latter ports, a working cylinder reciprocable in said sleeve and provided with a closed end and with lateral ports adapted to register with the -first ports when said cylinder is reciprocated to its outer position and means for admitting to and trapping air in the chamber formed by the valved end of the sleeve and the closed end of the cylinder as said cylinder is reciprocated away irom said outer position. 3. In an internal combustion engine, a reciprocable working cylinder, a sleeve within which said cylinder is adapted to reciprocate, a member enclosing the outer end of said sleeve and a portion of the sleeve wall, said portion being provided with lateral ports, a valve within said member, said valve closing the end oi! said sleeve and movable to open or close said ports, means tending to maintain said valve in port closing position, and a conduit leading from outside of said member to within said sleeve and provided with an inwardly opening valve.

4. In an internal combustion engine, a crank case having a sleeve extending at right angles therefrom and closed at its outer end, a working cylinder closed at its outer end mounted for reciprocation in said sleeve, a piston mounted for reciprocation in said working cylinder, valved means for admitting air to the outer end of said sleeve, means for admitting a gaseous charge to said cylinder above saidpiston, a crankshaft in said crankcase, connecting rods connecting said cylinder and said piston to opposite throws of said shaft whereby to cause simultaneous and opposite reciprocation of said cylinder and piston and thereby alternately draw in and compress air in the end of said sleeve, and other valved means operable by said compressed air to permit discharge of said air. 7

5. In an internal combustion engine, a reciprocable working cylinder having a combustion chamber within the head portion thereof, a sleeve within which said cylinder is adapted to'reciprocate, said sleeve and cylinder having registrable ports for discharge of combustion gases, an exhaust receiver enclosing said ports, means for applying a body of cooling air-to the head of said cylinder and means for discharging such air into said exhaust receiver.

' HUGH E. McCALLION. 

